The Belief Of Organized Religion - 1173 Words

The Belief of Organized Religion All over the world there is some kind of conspiracy. One is the Organized Church Conspiracy or the Organized Religion Conspiracy. Many people think that Organized Religion is a source of evil, however it can be a source of wars, genocide and dogmatism but, â€Å"An Organized Religion is a faith system with an over-arching structure worship practices, and administrate the organization† (What Is Organized Religion and Does the Bible Support It?). The Organized Religion Conspiracy or Faith System is evidently proven by telling us how religion is a form of mind control, how organized religion is affecting human population, and how religions are in the world around us. In America there are many people who have lots†¦show more content†¦Many people say that the government controls people’s thoughts of organized religion. â€Å"Entering the Monastic life means renouncing your own will once and for all, ready to do at every moment of the day for the rest of your life what you are obligated to do by the monastic routine and the abbot of the community† (Andino).Organized Religion means a variety of things. When God showed himself in some strange way, it left humans with some depositum of spiritual knowledge from which all the knowledge of gods origin. â€Å"If this was not a case, no human institution could legitimately claim the authority to organize religion and promulgate a normative set of propositions for the belief and forms of worship†(Andino). Since no one is perfect, God has to provide some ways of showing his depositum the part of the humans to whom entrusted his revelation. This means that, God is always working during hard times and is always trying to make everything better so people can make the right choices in life. â€Å"An organized religion must operate in time and in human society, some sort of organizational structure would have to emerge to identify the dwelling place of that truth, which allows us to identify that we are in communion with those who believed that faith and that we are receiving the authentic revelation, and not come corrupted or incomplete imitation†(Andino). Mainly everything we do requires faith. â€Å"We can either believe that an organized religion

Important Publication of Official Statistics Free Essays

Important Publication of Official Statistics A few important publications containing official statistics for general use are given below: Statistical abstract of India: This annual publication is brought out by the CSO and contains the statistics of various sectors of the Indian economy at least for the last five years. This also gives state-wise statistics at least for the last year. India- Pocketbook economic information: This publication is brought out annually by the Ministry of Finance. We will write a custom essay sample on Important Publication of Official Statistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now It deals with the various aspects of economy particularly financial, foreign aid and international economic comparisons. Basic statistics relating to Indian economy: This is brought out by the statistics and surveys division of planning commission on an annual basis. It contains basic indicators on various aspects of economy for a number of back years on time series basis. India- a reference manual: This is published annually by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and it contains information on various aspect of Indian economy. Estimation of National Product, savings and capital formation- This is generally known as a white paper on national income and is published annually by the CSO. It ontains estimates of national income, savings, capital formation and consumption, expenditure together with national and public sector accounts. Agriculture situation in India: This is published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation (Directorate of Economics and Statistics) on a monthly basis. This publication contains all available current statistics together with notes and articles on the assessment of current agriculture situation in the country. Available district- wise data is also reported from time to time. Monthly statistics on production of selected industries in India: This publication of CSO contains data on output, capacity and index numbers and several other variables relating to more than 90 industries. Reserve Bank of India Bulletin: This is published by the RBI on a monthly basis and it contains elaborated data on various aspects of Indian economy including a detailed data on currency and finance situation. Economic survey: This is published annually by the Department of Economics Affair and Ministry of Finance on the eve of the presentation of budget. The document contains an elaborated review of all aspects of Indian economy. Banking statistics- Basic Statistical returns: This is published twice in a year by the How to cite Important Publication of Official Statistics, Papers

Adolescent Alienated and Armed Essay Example For Students

Adolescent Alienated and Armed Essay In 1940, public school teachers ranked the top seven disciplinary problems at public schools. They were talking out of turn, chewing gum, making noise, running in the hall, cutting in line, dress code violations, and littering. By 1990, the top seven disciplinary problems had changed somewhat. They were now drug abuse, alcohol abuse, pregnancy, suicide, rape, robbery, and assault (Harris 20). Just pick up a newspaper or turn on the evening news. You may question whether America’s schools are still safe places for children. The recent spree of school shootings is dominating headlines nationwide and sending policy makers, parents, teachers and other concerned citizens into a tailspin. Since October, incidents of school shootings by students, some as young as 10, have occurred at sickeningly regular intervals across the country. From Pearl, Miss., to Jonesboro, Ark., to Fayetteville, Tenn., children have lost their lives to angry, upset gun-toting classmates. For example in Springfield, Ore., a 15-year old walked into his high school cafeteria and opened fire with a semiautomatic rifle, the shootings left two students dead and dozens more hospitalized. After determining the identity of the shooter, police found the student’s parents slain in their home, apparently by their son. Most of the victims were targeted randomly. The suspects were adolescent, alienated and armed. But experts warn that parallels between the shootings are more complicated (Bowles). The suspected shooters may be linked not so much by circumstances as a common mentality. â€Å"It would be one thing if these kids had happened to be carrying weapons to school and opened fire during a fight,† says criminologist Gary Goldman, author of the book Books and Bullets: Violence in the Public Schools. â€Å"But these attacks were planned. This wasn’t a spur-of-the-moment thing. These boys had a chance to think things over. And calmly, coolly, they decided to take care of matters with pistols and rifles.†In each case, the suspected shooters apparently had trouble adjusting socially. (Ibid) In the Pearl and Jonesboro slayings, police say, two of the three suspects were distraught after being jilted by girls. They and the suspected Paducah shooter also were associated with fringe groups at school. Luke Woodham, 16, the Pearl High School senior accused of stabbing his mother to death and fatally shooting two students in October, had formed a morose circle called â€Å"The Group,† which based itself on violent and anti-Christian writings of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Michael Corneal, 14, who was charged in December with firing on fellow students in a prayer circle at Heath High School in Paducah, hung out with a small band of students who were fascinated with the occult, school officials and police say. (Ibid) And one of the two suspects in the Jonesboro slayings, Mitchell Johnson, 13, had boasted of joining a gang. More ominously, the suspects in all three cases warned of violence to come (Zimring 48). Woodham, police and students say, wrote and passed around a â€Å"manifesto† before the spree. In it, he wrote â€Å"murder is not weak and slow-witted. Murder is gutsy and daring.† Corneal, classmates later told authorities, warned several students three days before the rampage that â€Å"something big is going to happen.† Students at Jonesboro’s Westside Middle School recall Johnson telling several of them the day before the slayings that he â€Å"had a lot of killing to do,† and that they would learn the next day â€Å"whether you live or die,† according to Associated Press reports. In each case, classmates said they did not report the incidents because they did not take them seriously. â€Å"Every kid spouts off now and then,† Houston child psychologist Pamela Harrison says. â€Å"That’s always been the case. What’s different now is the accessibility children have to weapons, to drugs, to the kinds of things that can do real harm to themselves or someone else. â€Å"Schools have to start emphasizing to students that when they hear a classmate say he wants to kill himself, or kill someone else, they must take it very seriously,† she says. â€Å"And adults have to act immediately. Because there is recipe for a troubled kid (Harris 14).†If the suspects are similar in some ways, they are different in others. Woodham was distressed over his parents’ divorce. Corneal came from a two-parent home and is the son of a prominent defense lawyer. A second boy charged in the Jonesboro incident, Andrew Golden, 11, is the son of postm asters. Little is known of Johnson’s family. Woodham’s high school has more than 1,100 students while Corneal’s has 600. Johnson and Golden attended a middle school with 250 pupils. â€Å"You could spend the next five years trying to figure out if big schools or single parents or a violent movie drove these kids to this,† Goldman says. â€Å"But the only real common thread is that they saw the way to get rid of their problem was to get rid of other people. I’m not sure there is a simple way to explain a tragedy like that.†Despite nationwide gun-free school laws, which prohibit possession of a firearm on or near the property of a public or private school, students are bringing guns to school and using them against their fellow students and teachers with increasing frequency (Harrington-Leuker). What possesses these students to gun down their classmates? How are these students getting access to firearms? Who is ultimately responsible for these tragedies? What stressors are contributing to these shootings? And how are parents and educators missing the warning signs that these children may have reached the breaking point?Perhaps the greatest tragedy of gun violence is the tremendous numbers of children and youth killed or injured each year by firearms and these numbers are increasing at an alarming rate. In 1985, the number of firearm homicides for youth 19 years and younger was 1,339(National Center for Health Statistics). In 1995, it was 2,754. In 1995, guns accounted for 84% of homicides of persons 13 to 19 years of age.(FBI, Uniform Crime Reports 1995, 1996, p. 18. ). Youth suicide also has increased. In 1985, there were 1,256 firearm suicides for youths one to 19 years of age (Fingerhut). In 1993, the first year for which this specific figure is available, this number increased to 1,460. Unintentional firearm deaths among youth 19 years of age and under totaled 551 in 1991.In the same year, a total of 5,737 youth 19 y ears of age and younger died by firearm homicide, suicide, unintentional shootings, and unknown circumstances (CDC). On average, more than 14 youth each day are killed by gunshots. JFK Jr. Plane Crash Essay Restore full and permanent funding for the National Instant Check System. And when a felon tries to buy a gun, prosecute him. None have been prosecuted in the past 3 years. Close the Hinckley loophole by making records of people adjudicated mentally incompetent available to the National Instant Check System. Insanities like John Hinckley’s would not prevent a gun purchase today, because most mental records are invisible to the system. Stop ignoring lawbreakers who illegally provide guns to juveniles. Only 11 were federally prosecuted in the past 2 years. Arrest them and lock them up.Stop releasing juvenile criminals caught with guns. Only 11 were federally prosecuted in the past 2 years. Bar all juveniles convicted of violent felonies from owning guns for life.Hold adults responsible for willfully and recklessly allowing access to firearms. Keep criminal records of violent juveniles open indefinitely, not expunged at 18 in the middle of a crime spree. Stop ignoring easy access to firearms by convicted felons through straw purchasers. Only 37 were federally prosecuted in the past 2 years.Admit that Right To Carry works. Properly permitted citizens who pass the background checks and training courses not only deserve that right but are a proven deterrent to crime. Abuse is nonexistent. And though very few actually choose to carry a gun, criminals don’t know which few they are. We believe in absolute adherence to the law at gun shows and will consider instant checks there when, and only when, this Administration stops demanding new gun taxes and stops illegally compiling and retaining the records of millions of lawful gun buyers. The NRA supports and encourages the distribution and use of safety locks, trigger locks, gun safes or any voluntary means necessary and appropriate to keep firearms away from, or inoperable by, those who shouldn’t have them.They oppose waiting periods because they constitute prior restraint upon the lawful. They oppose specified magazine capacities because how many bullets, magazines, guns, bombs or anything else the law says he may carry, dont influence criminal behavior. We oppose one-gun-a-month schemes because once there’s authority to say one; there will eventually be authority to say none. Most importantly, none of these proposals have any proven relationship to the criminal misuse of firearms. The NRA has invested tens of millions of dollars teaching childhood accident prevention, promoting firearm safety, educating hunters, training police instructors and funding startup of Project Exile around the country. This is far more than the federal government, the media community, citizens’ groups and all summit attendees combined. More firearm legislation, like previous legislation, that is passed with no intention of enforcement is a dangerous fraud perpetrated upon the safety of the American people that must stop. Work Cited1.Bowles,Scott. USATODAY http://www.usatoday.com/news/special/shoot/shoot010.htm 2.Centers for Disease Control (CDC), â€Å"Deaths resulting from firearm- and motor-vehicle-related injuries: United States, 1968-1991,† Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report, vol. 4, 1994, pp. 37-42; 3.FBI, Uniform Crime Reports 1995, 1996, pp. 13, 18, and 22. 4.Fingerhut, L.A. â€Å"Firearm Mortality Among Children, Youth, and Young Adults 1-34 Years of Age, Trends and Current Status: United States, 1985-90,† Table I5.Harris, Louis â€Å"A Survey of the American People on Guns as a Children’s Health Issue,† A Study Conducted by L.H. Research, Inc. for The Harvard School of Public Health, June 1993, p. 14. 6.Louis Harris Research, Inc. â€Å"A Survey of the American People on Guns as a Children’s Health Issue,† p. 20. 7.Harrington-Leuker, Donna â€Å"Blown Away,† The American School Board Journal, May 1992. p. 22. 8.Kellermann, Arthur and Reay. Donald. â€Å"Protection or Peril? An Analysis of Firearm-Related Deaths in the Home.† The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 314, no. 24, June 1986, pp. 1557-60. 9.Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice, Juvenile Offenders and Victims: A National Report, Washington, DC, p. 58. 10.Sugarmann, Josh and Kristen Rand, â€Å"Ceasefire: A Comprehensive Strategy to Reduce Firearms Violence,† Rolling Stone, issue 677, March 10, 1994, 34. 11.USA Today/CNN/Gallup poll, 1992. 12.Wall Street Journal/Hart-Teeter poll, December 13, 1996, p. R4.

Medieval Yarmouth, England Essays - Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Yarmouth

Medieval Yarmouth, England Medieval Yarmouth, England Yarmouth was a town consisting of two major sections, Great and Little Yarmouth. The founder of Yarmouth is believed to be a man named Cedric, who was a Saxon leader, but people still doubt this to this very day. One of the main reasons for the foundation of Yarmouth is the Herring, a fish that was very healthy to eat, and especially important to the lower classes because it was cheap and readily available. Fishing was a very important part of their society. The seal of the town of Yarmouth has everything to do with fishing, including a Herring boat and a picture of St. Nicholas. Yarmouth consists of several rivers, which was important for its economy. All of the rivers flow into a big estuary, which then flowed into the ocean. Two main features of Yarmouth, were its port and marketplace. Another major function of this town is silting, which developed from a huge sandbank formed over a long period of time. The sandbank became strong enough to become a place for the salting and smoking of Herring, and a great dock for boats. This attracted many fisherman from all over the continent, including the Clique Port fishermen. After awhile silting became very useless and migration began to occur towards the south part of the town. In the royal domain, Yarmouth was known as a borough, in which they had to pay "every third penny" of revenues to the Earl. Yarmouth was a very small town compared to others in the region. According to the Doomsday survey, it had at least seventy burgesses by ten sixty six. Yarmouth was known as a frontier town due to its lack of role of administration in the area. In addition, the king never set up anything financially significant in Yarmouth. There was one church in Yarmouth, St. Nicholas's Church, which was dedicated to St. Benedict. It was founded by the Bishop of Norwich. The Church became a major attraction to townspeople. Another marketplace was built shortly after the church. Due to the migration and construction, the town wall was expanded around the Church. Another significant building, St. Mary's Hospital was soon built, and covered up a large portion of the East Side of the town. For centuries , government was a huge problem for Yarmouth, resulting in many changes of power. The town started out with a Reeve, which was an official appointed by the King. Shortly thereafter, the king granted the town their first self-administration. A royal charter was granted, which included conditions such as: "free borough",and "the right to choose your executive officer of your local government". The town was divided into four main sections, therefore, four bailiffs were appointed who were elected annually. Despite these changes, government became conflicted, resulting in violence, and formation of a town council to assist the bailiffs. In response to the conflict, officers responsible for the borough treasury, also know as the"pyx", were created. Balance of power soon shifted from democracy to oligarchy, and bailiffs were downsized. A second council was created featuring a Chamberlain, whose main responsibility was finances, and a water bailiff, who collected the bills. Originally the meeting place for the administration was the Toll house. It was too small and a second "common hall" was built to replace it. The borough court presided each Monday to deal with pleas, but soon extra days were added for special occasions. One day a year was set out for Leers to present various suggestion to help the town, including annual fairs. Conflicts emerged between the Yarmouth and Clique ports administrations . The conflicts were caused in part because the King granted Clique the ability to administer justice in cases involving their own townsmen. In Twelve Seventy Seven, king Edward the First had a plan to compromise power between the groups by making a shared jurisdiction. This attempt failed, as well as many different interventions during the reign of Kind Edward. In addition, a deadly fight broke out between the two towns, resulting in many lost ships. The fairs had to be regulated, hoping to supervise the sales of goods during this time. Soon new conflicts prevailed as Clique complained to the King about new regulations, and that Yarmouth had control over the fishing areas. Problems with France pressed the communities to set aside some of the conflict for a short period of time, but soon that problem was resolved. Yarmouth, then had yet another problem. The inhabitants that lived by the harbor area were avoiding payments and were getting very disrespectful to the King's rules. In response to the disobedience,

The Cloning Controversy essays

The Cloning Controversy essays Recently, we have all seen the controversy over whether or not we should attempt to clone. If you haven't heard: A group of scientists in Scotland announced the birth of a sheep cloned from embryonic cells, presaging Dolly. Dolly's was the birth heard round the world. The first mammal ever cloned from a single adult cell, she was living proof that scientists had solved one of the most challenging problems of cell biology. Her creation raised a troubling question: Can humans, too, be cloned? And if so, Should humans be able to play God? Cloning has been an idea that the world has awaited and feared for decades. Cloning has been around since the 1950s when 2 scientists made a frog from tadpole cells. In the 60s, scientists cloned frogs again, but this time using cells from older tadpoles. What has just happened recently is the cloning of a mammal. The sheep named Dolly. A mammal born from a single adult cell. The question is: Is cloning good or evil? Some say this is one of the most remarkable breakthroughs of science history. Man Creates Life. Amazing. But, let's rethink this.. Is the ability for man to create life (in a sense play god), is this a good thing or a bad thing? Why would it be a bad thing? This is an incredible breakthrough of scientific history. This area of microbiology needs to be further explored. There are several advantages that cloning may serve. A child needs a bone marrow transplant within the next two years. You could clone a copy and retrieve the bone marrow. Cloning would give lesbians a way to bear a biological descendant without visiting the sperm bank. Perhaps the army could breed stronger, braver soldiers to use just for battle. Let's look at the advantages to cloning mammals: A farmer could clone his prize cow over and over making several copies of it, producing better milk with more nutrients. A shepherd could clone the sheep with the best wool and he wou ldn't need as many sheep. We could clone endange...

Gift Ideas for Siblings When Youre in College

Gift Ideas for Siblings When Youre in College When you were at home, your brother and/or sister may have driven you up the wall. Or, conversely, you may have been incredibly close with your sibling(s). Either way, finding the perfect gift for a sibling can be a challenge especially when youre operating with a college students budget. So how can you find a gift that shows you care without breaking your bank account? Fortunately, family gifts allow for a little more creativity than, say, gifts for your boss. With a little pre-planning, your sibling gift can be one your brother or sister cherishes for a long time. Something From Your Campus Gift Shop You might see sweatshirts, t-shirts, and running shorts with your school name and logo all day, every day. But your sibling back home doesnt. Consider finding some kind of swag from your campus gift shop that you know your brother or sister will just adore. If nothing else, it gives them a chance to brag about what school you attend when people ask about their clothing! (And if a sweatshirt or t-shirt isnt in your budget, consider something cheaper, like a keychain.) Something Youve Learned About at College that They Might Also Like Are you both chemistry geeks? Grab that new biography of a famous chemist that you think sounds really cool. Do you both love to write poetry? Head to the campus authors section of your campus bookstore to see if any of your professors have published poetry collections recently. (Added bonus: You can ask your professor to autograph your copy!) Invite Them for the Weekend If you miss spending time with your brother or sister, dont wait until you head home to see them; give them the gift of a weekend with you on campus. You can use your meal plan to treat them to breakfast, lunch, and dinner while showing them all the fun and funky parts of your college life. (If youre staying in a residence hall, however, just make sure its okay to have someone who might be under 18 stay with you.) Items that Helped You Prepare for College If your younger brother or sister is planning on heading to college soon, too, consider giving them the things that helped you the most. Were there books that helped you adjust? Websites that helped explain things you were too afraid to ask about? Prep. books that helped you ace things like the SAT? Put together a collection of things you found most valuable as a gift that your younger sibling will undoubtedly find valuable, too. Time Doing Things Together Even if you catch up online and on the phone, it can be hard to be away from a sibling with whom youre emotionally close. Even if neither of you have much money, there are things you can do to spend time together. Consider going for a hike, walk, or run; going holiday shopping for your parents; or even volunteering together. Turn the time into your gift to your sibling by presenting a special invite in an envelope and offering to treat for something fun while youre out, like coffees or Slurpees from your favorite convenience store. Sometimes, its the little things that mean the most! Something that Reminds You Both of Growing Up Together ​A lot of candy shops offer decade-based boxes of candy that bring back the candy you grew up with. Additionally, you can put together a collection of your favorite movies or Saturday morning cartoons that you used to watch together when you were younger. Even a silly toy that you both coveted even one that is considered super old and obsolete now can make a great gift. Think back on the things you both cherished the most as you grew up and see what you can do to recreate something similar for a great present.

Research methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Research methodology - Essay Example Deciles divide the observations into ten equal parts and quartiles divide the observations into four equal parts. Measures of dispersion measures how varied the observations are in reference to several factors. This is an important factor in analyzing data in research because measures of central tendency are not enough or do not necessarily depict the data. Two data may have the same mean but have varying dispersions. That is why in reporting the mean, the minimum and maximum, range, standard deviation, and variance are reported as well. The minimum and maximum values of course only reports the minimum and maximum observed values in the data thereby giving a picture of dispersion. The range reports the distance between the maximum and minimum values, which shows how wide or narrow the gap between these two values. For example, the observed heights of school children in one school varies from 47 inches to 55 inches (which are the minimum and maximum values) thereby giving a difference of 8 inches. In another school, the heights of the children vary from 46 inches to 57 inches thus the difference of 11inches. Thus it can be said that the range of the heights of school children in the first school is less varied with that of the latter. Variance and standard deviation are both measures of how the observations vary in reference to the mean. If there is a large value for the standard deviation this means that the observations are highly dispersed and if the value is low, then the variation is less dispersed. In perception surveys, the variance and standard deviation are usually used to determine to what extent the subjects agree on their observations. Conversion of data to and use of index numbers In as much as some quantities may not be directly observed given their values, they are converted to measurable value that can be manipulated for analysis. Index numbers on the other hand are numbers that measure relative changes of observations with reference to a base su ch that the raw data is not used in order to factor in changes in inflation and the like. The application of least squares regression analyses to data The main goal of a simple linear regression is to fit a straight line through the data that best predicts Y based on X. If we want to know if age predicts IQ or if educational attainment predicts scores in information literacy, we use linear regression. The method of least squares is the one that minimizes the sum of the squares of deviations of the observed value of Y from its expected value. The calculation of correlation coefficients for data pairs; both Pearson’s product moment and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients Correlations are used to determine the relationships of variables but not to predict. For example, we want to determine the relationship between age and weight for employees of a particular firm, we analyze the data using correlation. In Pearson’s product moment correlation where the values r ange from 1 to –1 where the sign indicates the relationship. A positive sign shows a direct relationship while a negative sign shows an inverse relationship. If the correlation is +/- 1 this means that there is a strong relationship and low if otherwise. Spearman’s rank correlation involves ranking the values and is similarly interpreted like

China's pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

China's pollution - Research Paper Example This essay will focus and discuss the environmental challenges in China, the causes and how environmental pollution affects the people1. In my research, the weather has appeared to be the main cause of flooding in China. People in China happen to prefer flooding areas without considering the negative effects that floods have in their lives. Hence, it happens that the areas that experience floods are the most populated areas in the country. The high populations in such areas increase the ability of the areas to be struck by floods. Crowded areas have increased surface run-off that flows into the rivers causing the breaking of their banks, hence flooding. Places with high populations need to be watched carefully to ensure that help always give whenever it is needed.2 Floods have a lot of negative effects on the lives of the people. According to research, the air pollution in China has been considered to be one of the worst. The increased air pollution in China has caused the big population of China several respiratory diseases. Women suffer the biggest effects of the pollution having biggest numbers of lung cancer.3In most cases, it happens to women who live near industrialized areas. The increased air pollution in China is caused by mostly its increased production activities of their industries. During the production, the industries emit smoke that has sulfur dioxide in the air which is harmful to the human body when inhaled. China also relies heavily on coal for their energy production. This also has played a big part in the polluting of air in China. The combustion of coal sends some unwanted gasses and smoke into the air and smoke that may lead to the greenhouse effect apart from air pollution3.Manufacturing industries and cars also play a major role in the pollution of air in China. Most experts have blam ed the coal-burning that produces their energy and highly support their economic growth4.The emission of sulfur

Friendships in Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Friendships in Of Mice and Men Essay Throughout life, one establishes friendships to better ensure their future. The novel Of Mice And Men, written by John Steinbeck, is about a group of traveling labor workers and the hardships that they overcome. The friendship between George, one of the main characters, and Lenny, a retarded man and of Candy, a crippled man, and his old dog, although different, they each share many of the same feelings toward each other. Also, by establishing these friendships, each partner is benefited and is given life motivation. However, all good things must come to an end, and when each partner is separated from their companion, their significant bonds are broken. Because of their established friendships, George, Lenny, Candy and his dog are able to live happy lives filled with joyous and exciting times. Throughout the book, many feelings are expressed between the relationship of George and Lenny and of Candy and his dog. Ever since they had lived together, George and Lenny loved and cared for each other every waiting day. Because [they] [had] each other, George and Lenny became more loving and compassionate, not just towards themselves, but also towards others (104). Unlike the other traveling workers who journeyed alone, George and Lenny were together, fighting off the hardships of The Great Depression with a loving relationship. This bond kept each others hearts pure and refrained them from turning bitter. Ever since Candys dog was a puppy, he and Candy had shared a trustworthy connection filled with loyalty for each other. In Candys younger years of life, when his partner was a good sheep dog, they had started a trusting relationship, which they carried out throughout the rest of their lives (24). Since Candy had his pup ever since it was born, Candy was its only master. Because canines are extremely loyal to their master, this loyal bond was able to flourish. Finally, because Lenny has been with George all his life, he feels a bond of trust between them and is completely loyal to George. During their early years, when George wasnt so kind to Lenny, he could have told Lenny to walk over a cliff and over hed go (40). Although George never did something this cruel, he did do some grueling things. He even got Lenny into fights. However, as time went on, he too became loyal and a trusting relationship grew. Even though these partners are very different, they still share many of the same feelings towards each other. In the relationship of George and Lenny and of Candy and his dog, each partner gains something and this is the motivation for the friendship. Because of Lennys mental state, as he travels with, and becomes friends with, George, he benefits by having a guardian to follow him around and keep him safe. Ever since they were young, Lenny just come along with George, and from that day forward he benefited from Georges safety (40). Lenny is retarded and his mind cannot process enough useful information to allow him to live a successful life, contributing to society. If George had not allowed Lenny to travel with him then Lenny would either end up homeless, in prison, or dead. In addition, because Candys dog is now useless, he benefits off Candy by receiving a guardian to protect him and guide him through the rest of his life. Although he had been an excellent canine in his day, because he aint no good to anyone now, his life would be futile if he did not have a guide for his remaining years. However, Candy did not care for him entirely out of kindness, he too benefits from their relationship. Because Candy is a cripple, he wants to feel like he is needed, and having someone that depends on him, allows Candy to live a joyous life. Although Lenny does not have much to give, George still benefits off their friendship by receiving a loyal companion to accompany him on his journeys. Because [they] travel together, George does not have to be burdened with the loneliness that could drive a man insane. George observes the other traveling labor workers become hard and lonely because they have nobody to converse with on their journeys. Although he benefits from their relationship, George pays dearly with his guardianship over Lenny. By establishing these relationships, each partner is benefited and given life motiv ation. Both the friendship of George and Lenny and of Candy and his dog lose their significant bonds when the partners are separated. Because Candy and his dog provide companionship for each other, when his dog dies Candy is left alone and unstable. Once his dog had been put up for the death sentence, Candy was left alone, pondering their wonderful memories together as he lied rigidly on his bed and stared at the ceiling (48). Candys purpose in life was now over, for he had no one that depended on him. Now the only thing that drove  him was the hope that Georges dream would come true, and that George, Lenny and he would get their own little plot of land. After George kills Lenny, although this was an act of kindness, George loses his purpose as a guardian. After he had pulled the trigger, George shivered and looked at the gun, for he knew that his guardianship was now over (106). George understood that it was his responsibility to kill Lenny. Although this act of kindness will burden him for the rest of his life, George still did the honorable thing. When Lenny died, George loses his dream of having a place of their own. By now, the dream had spread to more than just George and Lenny and when Lenny and their little place die away George becomes miserable and hurt (94). The time that followed this tragedy was the first time of Georges adult life with out Lenny. Also, up till now Georges purpose in life was to care for, and keep Lenny safe. With Lenny dead, George feels that his life had no purpose, for he could not keep Lenny from dangers grasp. When each friendship becomes separated, the still living partner feels no more purpose for life. Because of their established friendships, George, Lenny, Candy and his dog are able to live happy, joy filled lives as they overcome the hardships of The Great Depression. Although their significant bonds are broken when the partners are separated, when they are together, the partners benefit and share many feelings towards each other. Some say opposites attract, and buy using this scientific law to create friendships with different people; our society would be a friendlier and overall better place. Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck New York : Covici-Friede, 1937

The Works of J.D. Salinger Essay -- Biography Bio

J.D. Salinger: The influence of an author and his writings on 1950s America The end of World War II and the beginning of the 1950s saw a time of prosperity and success in mainstream America. Less than a decade after the United States allied with Great Britain and the Soviet Union, forming one of the most powerful forces in history to defeat the axis powers in the war, the U.S. was deeply entrenched in a nuclear arms race and "Cold War" with the Soviet Union. As a result, the country put on a collective fa†¡ade of stability and strength to cover up many injustices that were taking place during the time. Americans, equipped for the first time in a long while with a good amount of money, flooded to the suburbs and replaced any sorrows they might have had with material products and consumerism -- creating an America of conformity and extravagance that Salinger would devote much of his writing to critiquing. With the publication of Catcher in the Rye in the summer of 1951, America was introduced to Holden Caulfield, a character who would continue to remain in the American psyche for over half a century. Holden was the voice of this young generation who did not seem to have the same conformist attitudes or mainstream goals as their parents. Predictably, this critique of society and questioning of traditional American values was quickly met with an attempt to censor the message of dissent. Beginning in 1954 and continuing for decades, Catcher was criticized for its cynical tone, its "un-American" content, and its foul language ("237 goddams, 58 bastards, 31 Chrissakes, and 1 fart," according to one complaint" Steinle 3). But despite this controversy, and no doubt at least partially because of it, countless numbers of Americans read ... ...es H. "Incommunicability in Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye." Western Humanities Review, XI (Spring 1957), 188-190. (Reprinted in Studies in J.D. Salinger by Marvin Laser and Norman Fruman). Lomanzoff, Eric. "The Praises and Criticisms of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye" (1996) www.levity.com/corduroy/salinger1.htm Pinsker, Sanford. "The Catcher in the Rye and All: Is the Age of Formative Books Over?" The Georgia Review 50: 4 (1986): 953-967. Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1951. Salinger, J.D. Nine Stories. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1953. Steed, J.P. The Catcher in the Rye: New Essays. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 2002. Steinle, Pamela Hunt. In Cold Fear: The Catcher in the Rye Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000.

Leadership Styles Research Project Essay

I would like to give special acknowledgement to XXX director, XXX for his consistent support and motivation. I am grateful to XXX, Associate professor in XXXX , for his technical expertise, advice and excellent guidance. He not only gave my project a scrupulous critical reading, but added many examples and ideas to improve it. 2 I am grateful to XXX (Sr Hr executive and whole staff members of XXX co for providing me an opportunity to complete my project under their guidance. I am highly indebted to them for the same. Teamwork is essential for competing in today’s global arena, where individual perfection is not as desirable as a high level of collective performance. In knowledge based enterprises, teams are the norm rather than the exception. Team leadership plays a critical role in fostering commitment, accountability, and team success. The Team leader must ensure that the right mix and level of skills are resident on the team. They are also responsible for effectively managing 5 relationships outside the team, overcoming obstacles to success, and creating leadership opportunities for others. Good leaders are made not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels. Before we get started, lets define leadership. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. ives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization, this p o w e r does not make you a leader†¦ Leadership differs in that it makes the followers w a n t to achieve high goals, rather than simply. All teams must shape their own common purpose, goals and approach. While a leader must be a working member of the team who contributes, she also stands apart from the team by virtue of her position as leader. A team expects their leader to use that perspective and distance to help them clarify and commit to their mission, goals, and approach. Do not be afraid to get your hands dirty (lead by example), but always remember what you are paid to do (get the job done and grow your employees). The term â€Å"styles† has become more prominent in popular culture over the last decades, but its origins lie in psychological research on learning and personality. The original concept of style is that we all have preferences for the WAY we do things — think, relate to others, interact, learn. Kurt Lewin, in the 1930’s identified three major styles — autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire, while Rensis Likert defined Exploitive 6 If you have the time and want to gain more commitment and motivation from your employees, then you should use the participative style. Participative (democratic) This type of style involves the leader including one or more employees in on the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness, rather it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect. This is normally used when you have part of the information, and your employees have other parts. Note that a leader is not expected to know everything — this is why you employ knowledgeable and skillful employees. Using this style is of mutual benefit — it allows them to become part of the team and allows you to make better decisions. Delegative (free reign) In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decision. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. You cannot do everything! You must set priorities and delegate certain tasks. This is not a style to use so that you can blame others when things go wrong, rather this is a style to be used when you have the full trust and confidence in the people below you. Do not be afraid to use it, however, use it wisely! Forces A good leader uses all three styles, depending on what forces are involved between the followers, the leader, and the situation. Some examples include: 13 o Using an authoritarian style on a new employee who is just learning the job. The leader is competent and a good coach. The employee is motivated to learn a new skill. The situation is a new environment for the employee. Using a participative style with a team of workers who know their job. The leader knows the problem, but does not have all the information. The employees know their jobs and want to become part of the team. o Using a delegative style with a worker who knows more about the job than you. You cannot do everything! The employee needs to take ownership of her job. Also, the situation might call for you to be at other places, doing other things. o Using all three: Telling your employees that a procedure is not working correctly and a new one must be established (authoritarian). Asking for their ideas and input on creating a new procedure (participative). Delegating tasks in order to implement the new procedure (delegative). o Forces that influence the style to be used included: task. o Internal conflicts. o Stress levels Type of task. Is it structured, unstructured, complicated, or simple? o Laws or established procedures such as OSHA or training plans. Positive and Negative Approaches There is a difference in ways leaders approach their employee. Positive leaders use rewards, such as education, independence, etc. to motivate employees. While negative employees emphasize penalties. While the negative approach has a place in a leader’s repertoire of tools, it must be used carefully due to its high cost on the human spirit. Negative leaders act domineering and superior with people. They believe the only way to get things done is through penalties, such as loss of job, days off without pay, reprimand employees in front of others, etc. They believe their authority is increased by freighting everyone into higher lever of productivity. Yet what always happens when this approach is used wrongly is that morale falls; which of course leads to lower productivity. Also note that most leaders do not strictly use one or another, but are somewhere on a continuum ranging from extremely positive to extremely negative. People who continuously work out of the negative are bosses while those who primarily work out of the positive are considered real leaders. 14 Use of Consideration and Structure Two other approaches that leaders use are: Consideration (employee orientation) – Leaders are concerned about the human needs of their employees. They build teamwork, help employees with their problems, and provide psychological support. Structure (task orientation) – Leaders believe that they get results by consistently keeping people busy and urging them to produce. There is evidence that leaders who are considerate in their leadership style are higher performers and are more satisfied with their job. Also notice that consideration and structure are independent of each other, thus they should not be viewed on opposite ends of a continuum. For example, a leader who becomes more considerate, does not necessarily mean that she has become less structured. Paternalism Paternalism has at times been equated with leadership styles. Yet most definitions of leadership normally state or imply that one of the actions within leadership is that of influencing. Leadership is influencing people — by providing purpose, direction, and motivation — while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. † The Army further goes on by defining ‘influence’ as a: means of getting people to do what you want them to do. It is the means or method to achieve two ends: operating and improving. But there? s more to influencing than simply passing along orders. The example you set is just as important as the words you speak. And you set an example — good or bad — with every action you take and word you utter, on or off duty. Through your words and example, you must communicate purpose, direction, and motivation. While ‘paternalism’ is defined as (Webster): a system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate conduct of those under its control in matters affecting them as individuals as well as in their relationships to authority and to each other. o Thus paternalism supplies needs for those under its protection or control, while leadership gets things done. The first is directed inwards, while the. Latter is directed outwards. 15 It seems that some picture paternalistic behavior as almost a barbaric way of getting things accomplished. Yet, leadership is all about getting things done for the organization. And in some situations, a paternalistic style of decision-making might be required; indeed, in some cultures and individuals, it may also be expected by not only those in charge, but also the followers. That is what makes leadership styles quite interesting — they basically run along the same continuum as Hofstede’s PDI, ranging from paternalistic to consultive styles of decision making. This allows a wide range of individual behaviors to be dealt with, ranging from beginners to peak performers. In addition, it accounts for the fact that not everyone is the same. However, when paternalistic or autocratic styles are relied upon too much and the employees are ready and/or willing to react to a more consultive type of leadership style, then it normally becomes quite damaging to the performance of the organization. There are a number of different approaches, or ‘styles’ to leadership and management that are based on different assumptions and theories. The style that individuals use will be based on a combination of their beliefs, values and preferences, as well as the organizational culture and norms which will encourage some styles and discourage others. †¢ Charismatic Leadership †¢ Participative Leadership †¢ Situational Leadership †¢ Transactional Leadership †¢ Transformational Leadership †¢ The Quiet Leader †¢ Servant Leadership Additional research †¢ The Managerial Grid: Blake and Mouton’s people-task balance. †¢ Lewin’s leadership styles: Three original styles. †¢ Likert’s leadership styles: from autocratic to participative. †¢ Six Emotional Leadership Styles: from ‘Mr. Emotional Intelligence’, Daniel Goleman and friends. †¢ Post-hoc Management 16 Charismatic Leadership Charismatic Leadership is defined by Max Weber as â€Å"resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative patterns or order revealed or ordained by him†. He defines Charisma as â€Å"a certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. These are such as are not accessible to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader (†¦ ). How the quality in question would be ultimately jud ged from an ethical, aesthetic, or other such point of view is naturally indifferent for the purpose of definition†. Charismatic people have a remarkable ability to distill complex ideas into simple messages (â€Å"I have a dream†); they communicate by using symbols, analogies, metaphors and stories. Furthermore they relish risk and feel empty without it, they are great optimists, they are rebels who fight convention, and they may seem idiosyncratic. Charismatic leaders are pictured as organizational heroes or magic leaders who have the social power basis to orchestrate turnarounds, launch new enterprises, inspire organizational renewal, and obtain extraordinary performance from organizational members. These leaders inspire trust, faith and belief in themselves. Of course none of this is a guarantee that the mission will be correct, ethical, or successful. Origin of the Charismatic Leadership model.

Most Common Behavioral Disorders of Childhood Essay

This makes ADHD a major health concern. Up to 60% of these children will continue to have symptoms into adulthood. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than a million children take prescription medicines to control hyperactive behavior. The estimated cost to schools is about 3 billion dollars. There are other ways of treating ADHD and throughout this study we will discuss how to treat ADHD as well as explore how ADHD affects youth. ADHD is not only over diagnosed, but it is often mis-diagnosed, according to a recent study out of Germany. According to this research, many child and adolescent psychiatrists and psychologists in Germany have a picture in their heads of what an â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder â€Å"child or teen looks like, or acts like, and then a child or teen that fits that picture gets the diagnosis. In this process actual diagnostic criterion takes a back seat to â€Å"experience† or â€Å"heuristics. † But does this mean that ADHD is being â€Å"over diagnosed† because of poor diagnostic criteria, or due to poor diagnostic tools? No. Rather the problem is in the lack of using either diagnostic criteria or diagnostic tools. The reason for â€Å"over diagnosis† of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is sloppy diagnostic workups by these professionals. But the study was a little sloppy too. It draws â€Å"real world† conclusions from â€Å"pretend† or â€Å"theoretical† situations. No one examined actual patients or even their charts. So how do they know that in the â€Å"real world† that ADHD is being over diagnosed? The answer is that they don’t. But they do have a better understanding of the process that busy professionals use in interpreting â€Å"case vignettes† that may or may not be Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Abdekhodaie, April 2012) Introduction The main focus of this paper will be to examine ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and how it affects kids? I will also be exploring the cause of ADHD and what can be done to control this disorder without the use of medication. I predict that ADHD affects kids both mentally and physically. Mood swings are an emotional side effect of ADHD, affecting those of all ages with the condition. This symptom may prove hard to pinpoint, as changes in moods may also relate to stress or tense life situations, such as a divorce, moves and changes in school or jobs. Impulsivity is an emotional side effect of ADHD, which may cause individuals to become impatient and react inappropriately. Children with ADHD may receive discipline in school for blurting out comments and displaying seemingly rude behaviors. Anger is a normal human behavior. Individuals with ADHD, however, may have more trouble focusing on tasks and dealing with stress, which may cause frustration and heighten anger. (Martinez M, 2008) I predict that ADHD is not a result of bad parenting Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is not the result of â€Å"bad parenting† or obnoxious, willful defiance on the part of the child. Yes, a child may be willfully defiant whether he has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or not. Defiance, rebelliousness, and selfishness are more often â€Å"moral† issues than neurological issues. We make no excuses for â€Å"immoral,† â€Å"selfish,† or â€Å"destructive† behaviors, whether from individuals with ADD ADHD or not. It may be true that the child or teen’s parents may need further or more in-depth training on parenting defiant children. We are constantly amazed at how many young parents today themselves grew up in homes where their own parents were gone all day. We now see â€Å"grown up latch key kids† trying to parent as best as they can, but without having had the benefit of growing up with good parental role models. This is a problem that can be solved with some training. But it is not Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD (Dawson, Catherine, 2002) I predict that ADHD can be controlled without medicine. If you or your children are struggling with ADHD, you need to understand that no matter how effective your medical treatment intervention might be, if you or your child is eating a bunch of junk – your symptoms from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder will not improve! No treatment – no matter how powerful – can overcome eating junk foods. We have found that this ADHD Diet makes a huge difference with about 20% to 25% of those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that try it even without using any other intervention. We strongly believe that whether one is using a medication such as Ritalin, or using a natural alternative such as Attend, that this type of eating program plays a big role in achieving success when used as a part of a treatment plan. Mentally Families considering treatment options should consult a qualified mental health professional for a complete review of their child’s behavioral issues and a treatment plan. Children with ADHD are often more emotionally immature than their non-ADHD counterparts. This can be very pronounced, with children being several years below the emotional level of their classmates or slight, with just a small difference noted. ADHD can often cause problems in social situations, diagnosed children may have a hard time making friends or relating to other children the same age. In addition to emotional immaturity, self-esteem can be an issue. A child with ADHD may feel â€Å"different† or isolated, creating a low self-esteem. Emotional disorders, such as depression, anxiety or bipolar are also common in people with ADHD. These problems are persistent and usually cause difficulties in one or more major life areas: home, school, work, or social relationships. Clinicians base their diagnosis on the presence of the core characteristics and the problems they cause. Not all children and youth have the same type of ADHD because the disorder varies among individuals. Some may be hyperactive. Others may be under-active. Physically Methylphenidate, more commonly known as Ritalin, can be used as part of a treatment program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. According to Medline Plus, Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulant and acts to change certain substances in the brain. Before you agree to give your child Ritalin, you should know how Ritalin affects physical development in children. As a stimulant, Ritalin can have an effect on the physical development of children. According to MayoClinic. com, stimulant medications may be associated with a lower growth rate in children. This growth slowing pertains to both a child’s height and weight. One common side effect of Ritalin is a loss of appetite, and this can even lead to weight loss while on the drug. According to Novartis, the manufacturer of Ritalin, children who take Ritalin seven days a week throughout the year showed a temporary slowing of growth. This growth did not rebound while on the drug, and was consistent throughout the three year period studied. Non-medical Control Studies show that a high-protein, low-sugar, no-additive diet combined with ADHD-friendly supplements like fish oil and zinc can drastically improve ADHD symptoms in children with no side effects. Good nutrition can make a significant difference in the lives of children who have been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD). Many parents are eager to try foods and supplements to help their kids manage ADHD symptoms, but they often don’t know where to start. I have identified and addressed the concern. A concern is identified for which there is no ready answer. The concern has arisen because of an interest, and has been present for a long time. This is now a research problem. Every person can be a bit absent-minded, restless, fidgety, or impulsive. So why these same patterns of behavior are considered normal for some people and symptoms of a disorder in others? It’s partly a matter of degree. With ADHD, these behaviors occur far more than occasionally. They are the rule and not the exception. Unless a child understands his or her intellectual strengths and understands the potentially negative impacts of the ADHD, they may be confused by their inability to sustain success. Self-understanding (often aided by counseling) goes a long way in helping a person with this unique combination of traits and talents attain his or her fullest potential. Review of Related Literature (Background) Earlier studies point to the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be similar around the world. There is, however, a wide variety in estimates. The prevalence of ADHD in youth has never been examined in France. Method: Starting with 18 million telephone numbers, 7,912 numbers are randomly selected. Among the 4,186 eligible families, 1,012 (24. 2%) are successfully recruited. A telephone interview is administered to all families about a child in the 6 to 12 age range. It covered family living situation, school performance, symptoms of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), and other features of ADHD. Results: The prevalence of ADHD in France is between 3. 5% and 5. 6%. The population prevalence of treatment for ADHD is 3. 5%. ADHD youth are more likely to be men than women, and, compared to non-ADHD children, ADHD children are more likely to have CD and ODD. Having ADHD is associated with a family history of the disorder. The ADHD youth are more likely to have had learning difficulties, to have repeated a grade, and to be functioning academically below grade level. (Lecendreux, August 2011) Father residency appears to share some relationship with symptoms of ADHD, but when symptoms reach the level for a clinical diagnosis, father residency appears to share little relationship with severity of symptoms of ADHD. (Sulak, 2012) The results of pair wise comparisons showed that children with a family history of ADHD performed significantly worse than those without family history in the time production tasks and the time reproduction task. Logistic regression analysis showed duration discrimination had a significant role in predicting whether the children were suffering from ADHD or not, while temporal processing had a significant role in predicting whether the ADHD children had a family history or not. (Huang, 2012) Methodology (Methods) Outline for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and how it affects kids? Research Process: 1. Formulating the Research Problem is the first and most crucial step in the research process. – Main function is to decide what you want to find out about. The way the problem is formulated determines almost every step after. Research in this study revolves around People and Problems: †¢ People- a group of individuals †¢ Problems- examine the existence of certain issues or problems relating to their lives; to ascertain attitude of a group of people towards ADHD 2. Extensive Literature Review: -Essential preliminary task in order to acquaint myself with the availab le body of knowledge in ADHD and how it affects kids. -Literature review is integral part of entire research process and makes valuable contribution to every operational step. Reviewing literature through the following functions: a. Bringing clarity and focus to the research problem; b. Improved methodology; c. Broaden my knowledge of ADHD; d. Contextualize my findings. 3. Developing the objectives; -Objectives are the goals I set out to attain in this study. -They inform a reader what is to be attained through the study. -It is extremely important to word them clearly and specifically. Objectives will be listed under two headings: a) Main objectives; b) Sub-objectives. 4. Preparing the Research Design including Sample Design; The preparation of research design, appropriate for a particular research problem, involves the consideration of the following: 1. Objectives of the research study. 2. Method of Data Collection to be adopted 3. Source of information—Sample Design 4. Tool for Data collection 5. Data Analysis– qualitative and quantitative 5. Collecting the Data; Having formulated the research problem, developed the study design, constructed a research instrument and selected a sample, now I will collect the data from which inferences and conclusions for the study will be drawn. Then I will conduct interviews, research journals, and make observations. 6. Analysis of Data; Processing and analyzing data involves a number of closely related operations which are performed with the purpose of summarizing the collected data and organizing these in a manner that they answer the research objectives. The Data Processing operations are: 1. Editing- examine the collected raw data to detect errors and omissions and to correct these when possible. 2. Classification- arranges data in groups or classes on the basis of common characteristics. 7. Generalization and Interpretation; It is useful in both academic reports and work-related reports to include a section which shows how the research can be continued. It is useful to include this section because it shows that you are aware of the wider picture and that you are not trying to cover up something which you feel may be lacking in your own work. 8. Preparation of the Report of Formal write ups of conclusions reached. Include in your discussion how you will determine the validity and reliability of data collection tools. (Creswell, J. W. (2005). ) Validity is essential in research data. The data must be, in fact, what they are believed or purported to be. In other words, did we actually measure what we intended to measure, based on the focus of our ADHD and its affect on children? Validity of data obtained from the administration of tests (quantitative data) has been determined through examining various sources of evidence. (Mertler, C. ;amp; Charles, C. 2011. ) Reliability, a second essential characteristic of data, refers not to authenticity but to consistency. If you administer a certain test repeatedly under identical circumstances but find that you get different results each time, you would conclude that the test is unreliable. If, however, you get similar results each time you administer the test, you would consider the results reliable and therefore potentially useful. In this research we conclude that our results are reliable and therefore potentially useful. (Mertler, C. ;amp; Charles, C. 2011. ) Conclusions and Recommendations The current study aimed to investigate Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its affect on children grades k through 6. ADHD affects millions of people-some 3 to 5% of the general population. It covers how to manage ADHD with medication or without, what parents can do to help, and how to thrive with ADHD throughout the lifespan. It also offers effective academic and behavioral interventions for school, and helpful accommodations for the workplace. After several interviews with teachers currently dealing with students that have been diagnosed with ADHD, all agreed that most cases are mis-diagnosed and those students are placed on medicine without further examination. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is not the result of â€Å"bad parenting† or obnoxious, willful defiance on the part of the child. It is my recommendation that there be a more structured procedure that will not allow a child to be diagnosed with this disorder without additional psychiatric treatment. References Martinez M, et al. Psychopharmacology. In: Hales RE. Textbook of Psychiatry. Arlington, Va. : American Psychiatric Publishing; 2008. Plizska S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2007; 46:894. Abdekhodaie, Zahra; Tabatabaei, Seyed Mahmood; Gholizadeh, Mortaza,†The Investigation of ADHD Prevalence in Kindergarten Children in Northeast Iran and a Determination of the Criterion Validity of Conners’ Questionnaire via Clinical Interview†, Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, v33 n2 p357-361 Mar-Apr 2012 Booster, Genery D. DuPaul, George J. ; Eiraldi, Ricardo; Power, Thomas J. , â€Å"Functional Impairments in Children with ADHD: Unique Effects of Age and Comorbid Status† Journal of Attention Disorders, v16 n3 p179-189 Apr 2012 Bruchmuller, Katrin; Margraf, Jurgen; Schneider, Silvia, â€Å"Is ADHD Diagnosed in Accord with Diagnostic Criteria? Over diagnosis a nd Influence of Client Gender on Diagnosis† Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, v80 n1 p128-138 Feb 2012 Creswell, J.

Analysis of Microsoft Gulf

Analysis of Microsoft Gulf There is no use denying the fact that modern age could be characterized by blistering development of corporations which managed to seize various markets and introduce its products or services to people who reside in different parts of the world. Additionally, blistering development of globalization and various means of transport made cooperation between departments of a company, which are situated in a great number of countries, easier.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of Microsoft Gulf specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is why, nowadays, we can observe several huge international companies that struggle with each other in order to grasp the market and obtain extra benefits. It is obvious that usually the most perspective directions of development and regions are chosen. Traditionally, Europe and the USA had been taken as such regions. Thus, nowadays, the shift of priorities could be observed as countries which were comparatively weak in the past start to develop and attract attention. It should be said that the UAE has become one of these states. Having great oil deposits and developed oil extraction industry, the state can boast one of the greatest incomes in the world. That is why, blistering development of the economy of the UAE coincided with the growth of the number of offices that represent various international companies. With this in mind, the main aim of the given paper is the analysis of the main peculiarities of the functioning of Microsoft Gulf department, that is the part of a great Microsoft corporation and now functions within the territory of the UAE. It is obvious that the given company tries to introduce its products and services to new and perspective market and that is why, its functioning is organized in the most beneficial and efficient way. First of all, it should be said that Microsoft corporation is one of the most famous and beneficial companies in the worl d which annual income is bigger than the budget of many states (Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), 2015). Though, it is obvious that any company has to evolve and promote its further development in order to remain topical and beneficial. Under these conditions, Microsoft Company realized the necessity of new markets that will be able to increase the demand for its products and result in the significant increase of the level of incomes. However, one should mind that the process of introducing products to the new market is rather complicated and consists of a great number of various peculiarities that should be taken into account while trying to take on the market. Peculiarities of language, culture and demands of customers should be given great attention while analyzing the state of the new market and creating the strategic plan. With this in mind, along with the decision to introduce its services to the Gulf region, Microsoft company also organized the department which main task is to al ign efficient and beneficial functioning of the company in the region.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Microsoft Gulf nowadays is one of the most beneficial international companies that function all over the world and in the Gulf region, trying to provide qualified services to its customers in terms of peculiarities of local demands that could be taken as the reflection of customs, traditions and the state of the economy of the country. In other words, it is possible to say that Microsoft Gulf tries to spread its influence in the UAE, creating new departments and organizing new ways to work and improve the quality of services. Having outlined the background for the development and introduction of the products of Microsoft corporation to the UAE market, it is also possible to start the analysis of the given company from the determination of its shareholder structur e and the role which shareholders play in the functioning of a company. First of all, it should be said that being a giant international company with great incomes, Microsoft is obviously organized according to rather popular pattern that is able to guarantee its efficient functioning. The company is ruled by the shareholders council which consists of people who possess companys shares. They do not perform managerial functions, thought, they accept some very important strategic decisions and determine the way in which company will develop. It should also be said that the shareholder structure is quite simple though efficient. The shares of the company are distributed between the main shareholders who now are Steven Ballmer with 333 million shares, then comes Bill Gates with 330 million and other important shareholders who own shares which comprise not more than 1% of the total number (Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), 2015). However, due to the peculiarities of the shareholder structure , there are shares which could be bought by anyone who wants to become the shareholder of the Microsoft company (Sheridan, 2014). The shares of the company could be bought on the brokers board or directly from the shareholder. However, one should mind that Microsoft is a giant international corporation with the great level of incomes, that is why its shares cost a lot and if a person wants to become not just a common shareholder, but to have the right to participate in the shareholders council, he/she has to by at least one percent of shares. However, Microsoft organizes annual shareholders meetings in order to inform people about the strategic steps performed by the company and keep in contact with them.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of Microsoft Gulf specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These meetings are organized with the help of various web technologies so the shareholders do not have to go to the main office. With this in mind, it is possible to conclude that the shareholder structure of Microsoft company is organized according to the traditional pattern as the main shareholders are able to manage the company and accept some important strategic decisions, while the rest of shareholders could just collect dividends from owning shares of the company. Nevertheless, it is impossible but mention the way in which the process of the company is organized and how the main tasks are accomplished. With this in mind, it is possible to say that being the international company which centers on the production and distribution of various IT technologies, Microsoft tries to guarantee the efficient and clear process of delivery of a product and payment because its image depends on it. Thus, having a great number of plants and factories all over the world. the company organizes its functioning in the way that could guarantee that the needed device or hardware will be delivered to the needed place i n time. Moreover, it has to be of a good quality in order to meet the standards of the company, that is why the main principles of TQM are also implemented in the functioning of the company. Besides, one of the main peculiarities of the companys process is the great attention given to the credibility of partners and methods they use to pay for their products. That is why, Microsoft declares the standardization of its procurement practices. In other words before payment can be approved, every Microsoft supplier has to be approved by the Microsoft Procurement group, have signed an agreement with Microsoft, and have a purchase order in hand (Our Process, 2003, para. 2). This procedure helps to avoid a great number of various problems connected with the payment methods and trust between partners. Moreover, the given practice makes the control over the spending of a company easier and Microsoft could manage its finances, deciding what sphere or project to invest. Additionally, it helps t o make the process of communication with some potential customers easier as this mechanism can prevent the appearance of various problems. Nevertheless, being one of the most beneficial companies in the world, Microsoft deals with great money flows. It is obvious that this process is also controlled and monitored. The company works mainly with cashless transfers. Customers payments, which come from the purchase of a product or some service, are transferred to the banking account of the company. This account serves for the further distribution of costs. It is also obvious that relevant authorities control all money flows in order to get rid of mistakes of currency violations. The given model turns out to be rather efficient and productive.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It should also be said that such a great company as Microsoft should obviously have a certain insurance strategy which main aim is to get rid of some unexpected and unpleasant cases and guarantee the stable functioning of a company and security for its workers. That is why the company pays about $20 million annually for commercial insurance (Wojcik, 2009). This insurance includes property coverage, crime, ransom, kidnap employment practices liability and a great number of other points (Wojcik, 2009). Additionally, there are some other nontraditional risk-finacning solutions that could provide about $2 billion dollars for the company in case of some complications or unexpected situations (Wojcik, 2009). It should be said that the main aim of buying insurance of the company nowadays is the attempt to guarantee security for all top managers and common workers in case of some catastrophic losses. Officials of the company do not eliminate the possibility of some natural catastrophe and w ant to be prepared for it. That is why, great sums of money are spent on it. However, Microsoft does not spend money on some issues which are taken as not important or expected. Some intellectual losses are not covered by the insurance as Microsoft has other remedies and tools to protect it. With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that the company wants to protect itself in case of emergency and buys insurance only if it could be taken as cost effective. Thus, having a great number of various assets like DirectX, Nokia, Xbox and many others, the company also provides insurance for them in order to be ready to compensate losses for staff that works at various departments. It should also be said that the Microsoft company cares not only about its facilities and products. though, it provides various kinds of services and bonuses for its staff. First of all, it is possible to say that work at this very company can be beneficial because of the high level of salary. However, i t is not the only advantage. The thing is that Microsoft provides complete and beneficial insurance for all its workers. First of all, one can admit 100% paid healthcare, including the dental one (Microsoft Careers, n.d). It means that if a worker of a company gets sick he/she can count on good treatment that will be provided in various hospitals of the UAE or the state that will be chosen by a worker. Moreover, there is the practice of maternity leave, when mothers receive eight weeks of paid maternity disability leave. Additionally, there is a paternal leave that provides benefits for new families in order to establish relations within the family. Thus, it should be said that there is a developed system of bonuses that could help to increase the level of performance of a worker and stimulate his/her better functioning. Workers, who can be described as very precise and efficient, receive some bonuses which show them that their efforts are appreciated. Moreover, there are some extra benefits, such as gyms, discounts and social clubs that serve to create the beneficial atmosphere for a worker and help him/her to become the part of a collective (Microsoft Careers, n.d). With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that high insurance rate of the company helps to make its workers feel secure and appreciated. With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that the insurance provided for workers of the Microsoft company could be taken as one of the best in the world. However, it should also be said that workers also have to pay for this insurance. Usually, money is kept back from wages during the year that is why the sum is not so great for a worker. For example, it should be said that employees will be required to pay out-of-pocket maximums of $1,000 to $2,500 for catastrophic coverage (Eaton, 2010, para. 4). Thus, the given sum could be taken as quite fair in terms of existing insurance practice. The thing is that workers, who pay this money, are supp lied with the 100% free health care that could be much more expensive. That is why, these payments are taken by the company only for the purchase of the insurance connected with some severe complications or conditions, while the rest is paid by the company. That is why, existing insurance practice could be taken as a quite efficient one. Resting on these facts, having analyzed the main information connected with the activity of Microsoft corporation in the Gulf region, it is possible to make a certain conclusion. It should be said that realizing the great importance of the new and developing market, the company tries to organize it functioning in the most efficient way. Being ruled by the shareholders council, it tries to create clear and efficient pattern according to which the company will function and evolve. Microsoft already has great incomes in the given regions and, moreover, want to increase them. Additionally, wise and outstanding insurance policy, which main aim is to prot ect the top managers and workers of the company from various unexpected complications, also leads to the improvement of the image of Microsoft and attraction of new workers and customers. That is why, it is possible to conclude that Microsoft has good perspectives for its development in the Gulf region. References Eaton, N. (2010). Microsoft employees must contribute to health care in 2013. Retrieved from http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/2010/10/08/microsoft-employees-must-contribute-to-health-care-in-2013/ Microsoft Careers. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://careers.microsoft.com/benefits Microsoft Corporation (MSFT). (2015). Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/q/mh?s=MSFT+Major+Holders Our Process. (2003). Retrieved from https://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/procurement/process/en/us/ Sheridan, P. (2014). Bill Gates no longer Microsofts biggest shareholder. CNN.com. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2014/05/02/technology/gates-microsoft-stock-sale/ Wojcik, J. ( 2009). Microsoft relies on self-insurance for most exposures. Retrieved from businessinsurance.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=9999100027500

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CPAP Compliance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Article

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Reviewing The Concept Analysis Of Hope Nursing Essay

Reviewing The Concept Analysis Of Hope Nursing Essay Hope is a fundamental human reaction which assists the individual to foster his life forward, with confidence. In healthcare, hope has been incorporated into the concept of caring (Mayeroff, 1971, p.43). While providing care the nurse deals with various aspects of human life such as physical, psychological and spiritual. So, it is essential to explore the term hope and its relevance in nursing practice. The different perspectives of hope and its relation in nursing practice will be identified in this assignment. Moreover, its application in nursing care as well as the possible issues which can come across when it is applied will also be discussed in this piece of work. Definitions of hope In the old axiom, where theres a hope, theres a life , illustrates that hope is the inspiring power that assists the people to live in present as well as in future. In every walk of life, the spark of hope will facilitate the person to live with greater satisfaction. The term hope comes from Latin root speare meaning to hope. When it is used as a noun, it is a feeling that what one desires will happen. But in terms of verb it is a belief in fulfillment (Stephenson, 1991). There are different perceptions of hope which can be found by reviewing the literature. Miller and Happel (2006) stated that hope is a state of being characterized by expectation for a continued good state, an improved state, or a release from a perceived entrapment. Therefore, the concept anticipation may or may not be found on concrete, real world evidence however, it is based on future expectation which is good. Moreover, hopefulness aids an individual to have a sense of psychological well being as well as to fin d out the purpose and meaning of their life in order to feel their perception which can be achieved in future. Expecting the wellness in future will help the individual to sustain in their life. This expectation could be changed if one has a flexible perception which in turn helps him to adjust with the situation and promoting the capability by improving confidence and psychological wellness which makes a sense of possibility. Hope is also defined as a process, an adventure, a going forward with confidence (Menninger, 1959).In this concept hope is considered as an active process where it deals with persons enduring feelings, actions and relationship which enhances an individual to look forward with confidence. Stephenson (1991) identified hope as a process of anticipation that involves relationship in thinking, acting, and feeling and directed towards the future fulfillment. In this context, the author states that ones life is purposeful when he achieves what he desired. This can be attained by active thinking and connecting it to the feelings. Furthermore, by evaluating the concept of hope, there can be four characteristics evolved, primarily life is valued once the individual gives importance to hope, secondly the hope includes various processes like thoughts, emotions, attitudes and its relationship within the individual. Since hope is future focused the third and fourth attributes consist of present and past experiences of the individual, which also can assist him to expect positive outcome. Farran et al. (1995) concluded the main four components of hope as: The hope is an experimental process of accepting human trials as a part of being human, while allowing imaginative possibilities to occur. Secondly, it is a spiritual /transcends process related with ones faith. Moreover, hoping is a rational thought process based on ones condition linked with reality and needed resources (physical, emotional and social).Finally, it is also considered as a relational p rocess in that hope occur between persons and is influenced by others hope, presence, communications and strength. From the above point of view, when a person confronts tough periods in his life, he can expect something which can bring change in that period. In another view, the hope has a union with faith. During crisis situation, spirituality support a person something to expect good to happen and also strengthen him to be optimistic in his life. Besides, a balanced thinking process brings the perception of hope to the reality. In addition, hope is also a relational process. For instance, if a terminally ill individual shows hopeful thoughts, that will encourage him and also others to cope up with that situation. The concept of hope is also related to endurance, uncertainty, suffering and acceptance (Morse and Penrod, 1999). Therefore, hope is multidimensional with different perspectives like feeling good, confident, spiritual that can comfort the person during threatening situati ons of his present life and encourage him to believe in future expectations. Relevance of hope in nursing practice Hope and caring are interrelated with each other and are considered as an inevitable part in health care practices since hope aids in providing optimal care to the patient. The Pioneer of nursing, Florence Nightingale who walked with the lamp in dark corridors and spread hope and light to the patient explains obviously that the nurse also can bring light as well as hope to the patients life (Hammer e t al.1998). Thus, hope plays its own role in nursing practice. Fostering hope is one of the aspects of the professional nurses role (Roberts, 1978, p.28). It states that the nurse and hope have union in providing nursing care. According to Hammer et al. (2009) hope can be instilled through encouragement and caregivers positive attitude, confidence and confirmative relationship. A good and positive approach of a care giver can elicit the pain and suffering of patient with incurable disease. A meaningful interpersonal relationship enables the nurse to explore more about patients level of u nderstanding and hope in their disease condition. This will further help in giving care to the patient. The feeling of hopefulness can be felt when a nurse or caregiver dispose an appropriate atmosphere (Travelbee, 1997, p.47). According to the above statement, a suitable environment can be provided through effective communication which inspires the patient and his relatives to answer their problem, especially in palliative care (Twcross, 2003, p. 17). In rehabilitation set up, a nurse who cares the patient set a realistic goal with the cooperation of the patient. This will be helpful in restoring and maintaining hope. Setting goal is an integral part of caring for patient with an incurable disease. According to McCann (2002) in a geriatric care, a nurse who spares time to listen to the patient, their explanation, politeness and helping attitudes like just being there, expressing honesty and respect towards patient can bring a positive outcome. It means patient need to feel trust, c onnections and closeness with others. Nurses can achieve this by showing concern towards their patients. Hope also adds quality to life of older people and brings the patient out with a fighting spirit. In addition hope is a fuel that can accelerate the healing process (Visintainer and Seligman, 1983). Nurses have to primarily find out the significance of hope while handling chronically and terminally ill people. Nurses role is not only limited to provide care during illness but also to ensure the well being of the patient. Davison and Simpson (2006) concluded that there may arise certain obstacles in the application of hope in nursing. They include information (more, lack, early), fear, caring a child, caring terminally ill and psychiatric patient, lack of professional and administrative force can hinder a nurse to apply concept of hope in nursing practice. First of all, knowledge about the disease process withdraws a patient to cooperate with the treatment. For example, the termin ally ill patient may hesitate to take medication because they do not have hope in their life. Secondly, the nurse who lacks the knowledge about the treatment and disease process will not be able to inspire hope to the patient. According to Miller (2007) the medical conditions such as pain, uncontrollable symptoms, and social isolation cannot allow a nurse to give hope to the patient. During this suffering even though nurse provide pain medications or other comfort measures to alleviate discomfort of the patient with incurable illness, nurses cannot be able to inspire hope. This will be another barrier. Furthermore, the patient with psychiatric illness and unrealistic hope is other area of concern. It will be a challenging task for a nurse when those people are taken for futile therapies which increase a persons suffering (Taylor, 1989, p.26). Moreover, nurses may feel difficulty when the patient is a dying child (Miller, 2007). The lack of sufficient staffing can be another reason w here the nurse will not be able to attend to all aspect of care of the patient. So, it is important for a nurse to understand significance of this concept and barrier in the provision of care delivery. Conclusion To sum up, the concept of hope has been analysed through common definitions and its characteristics in this assignment. In addition, its significance in nursing practice as well as the possible barriers which can hinder its application in nursing care has been identified in this piece of work. It is evident from the above analysis that hope plays an important role in lives of human being insurmountable obstacles. Knowing the concept hope will be valuable in enhancing the professional capacity of nurses to engage with an individual for whom hope is considered as fragile and recovery is impossible. Besides it also helps a nurse to deliver complete nursing care to the patient. Word count:1550